How does sensory processing work in ADHD?

In the human brain, there are various brain regions involved in emotions, executing tasks, planning, memory, decision-making, and so on. Scientific research has shown differences in development, brain structure, and brain activity in people with ADHD. These differences relate to areas responsible for attention, impulse control, and planning. This may be the reason why the brain has more difficulty processing information and stimuli, leading to concentration problems or difficulties with planning.

The ADHD model

To visualize information and sensory processing in ADHD, you can take a look at the following model. In this model, it shows that in individuals with ADHD, the “filter” for stimuli from the environment is less effective. When receiving a lot of stimuli, it becomes more challenging to focus attention on what is important. Attention problems arise as a result. To process all the stimuli, the brain automatically retrieves relevant information from memory. With a large amount of stimuli, this can be quite overwhelming and quickly lead to mental restlessness or hyperactivity. As it also requires a lot of energy and brain capacity, it becomes more difficult to think about what to do with the incoming stimuli. This often leads to impulsive plans or feeling paralyzed. Moreover, if there is no feedback on whether your choice was successful, it remains equally challenging to handle stimuli in a helpful manner the next time. The second model shows how information and sensory processing work in individuals without ADHD.

Sources

• https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/adhd-brain-vs-normal-brain#function
• Vink, S. (2021). Cognitieve gedragstherapie bij volwassenen met AD(H)D. Handleiding voor therapeuten. BSL.